Two cycle radial engine



v June 23, 1931.

H. B. GREENING ET AL 1,811,625

TWO-CYCLE RADIAL ENGINE Filed Dec. 28. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 i II II ll ll V2: 2 3 5%? ii I I t: R $1:

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James W Gal/oworr June 23, 1931- H. B. GREENING ET AL 1,311,625

TWO-CYCLE RADIAL ENGINE Filed Dec. 28, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 III] 1:! 11:]

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Ik'rd/o/B. Greening.

. View of Patented June 23, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIE I HERALD B. GREENING, OF HAMILTON; ONTARIO, CANADA, AND JAIVIES W. GALLOWAY, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNORS TO GALLOWAY ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED, OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO, CANADA I TWO CYCLE RADIAL ENGINE j W dpplication filed'December 28, 1928. Serial No. 329,021.

The principal objects of this invention are to apply the two-cycle internal combustion engine principle to the radial type of engine having a crank shaft common to all of the cylinders and to produce engines of maximum power with the minimum weight of materials and the minimum frontal resistance area.

A further important object is to produce engines wlth the maximum power value for the minimum number of cylinder units ratrally disposed crank shaft, each of said units comprising a pair of cylinders parallelly ar ranged vith their axesintersecting the crank shaft axis and having a common combustion head; one of each pair of cylinders having a port open only to intake and the other 'of each pair having a port open only to exhaust..

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a sectional view taken transversely of the crank shaft and through the median plane of one set of cylinders of a triple unit construction.

Figure 2 is a. sectional view taken longitudinally of the crank shaft on the line 22 of Figure 1. i

Figure 2 is a part sectional elevational View of the crank shaft of Figure 2 showing the ofiset arrangement of the cranks.

Figure 3 is a sectional view of an engine of the opposed radial type taken on the hue of Figure 4.

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken longitudinally of the' crank shaft on the line of Figure 3.

Figure" at is a part sectional elevational the offset arrangement of the cranks.

The radial type of four cycle internal combustion engine had been developed to a re' markable state of efliciency but there is an inevitable loss in efficiency due to the 2 to 1 valving operation. v

Considerable development is being effected in the two cycle type of engine and various types have been proposed in which two cylthe crank shaft of Figure 2 showing inders are parallelly arranged and are joined by a common combustion head, one cylinder having ports opening to the intake only and the other having only exhaust ports.

It is the purpose of this invention to combine the advantageous features of the combined dual cylinder two cycle engine with those of the four cycle radial type and to effect this result it is proposed to construct an engine. whether of the simple opposed pair if cylinder units as shown in Figures 5 and l or of the multiple radial type as exemplified in Figures 1 and 2, with a crank case 1, from which the cylinderunits 2 extend radially in any desirable number.

Each cylinder unit 2 comprises'a pair of cylinders :2-2 which are placed in parallel [arrangement longitudinally with the crank shaft and the outer ends of each pair of cylinders are joined by the common combustion head 3.

Each cylinder 2 is provided with inlet ports I in its side wall intermediate of its length which communicate with an intake manifold I of a suitable design and each cylinder :2

shaft S in the manner shown or in any other suitable way.

The crank shaft S is provided with apair of cranks S and S" arranged so that the crank S connected to the exhaust cylinder piston has a slight lead over the intake cylinder piston. This arrangement is provided so that the exhaust ports will be opened prior to the opening ofthe intake ports to allow the pressure to be reduced in the cylinders before opening them to intake and also so that the exhaust ports will be closed in advance of the closing of the intake to permit of the maximum volume of combustible charge being forced into the cylinders.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the arrangement of pairs of two cycle cylinders as radial units operatively connected with the crank shaftwill result-in a very marked increase in power applied to resistance when the the shaft and that by the arrangement described the piston displacement will be doubled without increasing the number of radial units.

Such an. arrangement must result in a "marked increase'in power per unit 'of weight as power is applied in a 1 to 1 ratio and the dual arrangement of cylinders effects a sub stantial reduction of weightper cylinder. Further, an engine constructed as described will offer the minimum of frontal area for air engine is used in stem service.

What we claim as our invention is:

1. An improved radial-type engine, comprising in combination a crank shaft having a pair of power cranks slightly ofl'set one from the otherin a direction circumferentially of the shaft axis, a plurality of paired cylinder units spaced circumferentially around the shaft axis, the cylinders of each unit being disposed side'by side longitudinally of the shaft axis with their axes intersecting the shaft axis and being connected at their outer ends by a common combustion head, pistons operating in said paired cylina der units, and a group of connecting rods.

radiating from each of said cranks, each group co-operating respectively with the pistons of the corresponding circumferential group of cylinders of said paired cylinder units whereby the pistons of said cylinders operate in groups, one group being in adother in a direction circumferentiall of-the shaft axis, a plurality of paired cylin er units spaced circumferentially, around the shaft axis, the cylinders of each unit being disposed side by side longitudinally of the. shaft axis with their axes intersecting the shaft axis and being connected at their outer ends by a common combustion head one of the cylinders of each of said cylinde'i' units being provided with an intake port only and the other cylinder of each group being provided with an exhaust port only, pistons in said intake and exhaust cylinders, and flexibly connected rods operatively connecting the advanced and retarded cranks with the pistons of the exhaust and intake cylinders, whereby the exhaust cylinder pistons of each of said paired cylinder units operates in an advanced relation to the corresponding-intake cylinder piston of'the respective unit.

HERALD B. GREENING. JAMES W. GALLOWAY.

Vance of the other to effect the operation of one piston of each of said paired cylinder units in advanced relation to the other.

- 2. An improved radial-type engine, comprising in combination a'crank shafthaving a pair of power cranks slightly offset one from the other in a direction circumferentially of the shaft axis, a plurality of paired cylinder units spaced circumferentially around the shaft axis, the cylinders of each unit being disposed side by side longitudinally of the shaft axis with their axes intersecting the shaft axis and being connected at their outer ends by a common combustion head, one of the cylinders of each of said cylinder units being provided with an intake port only and the other cylinder of each group being provided with an exhaust port only, pistons in said intake and exhaust cylinders, a plurality of connecting rods radiating from the advance crank and operatively connected with the' pistons of the ex-- haust cylinders, and a plurality ofconnecting rods radiating from the other of said'cranks and operatively connected with the pistons of the intake cylinders, whereby the piston of the exhaust cylinder of each of said paired units operates in advanced relation to the piston in the intake cylinder thereof.

3. A11 improved radial-type engine, com- 4 prising in combination a crank shaft having a pair of cranks slightly offset one from the V no 

